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Philosophy of medicine
The philosophy of medicine is a branch of philosophy that includes the epistemology, ontology/metaphysics, and ethics of medicine. Perhaps the most well known area is medical ethics, which overlaps with bioethics. It can be distinguished from the philosophy of healthcare, which is mostly concerned with ethical and political issues arising from healthcare research and practice. There are a variety of university courses,〔(Durham University History and Philosophy of Medicine )〕〔(University of Oxford course on the History and Philosophy of Medicine )〕 journals,〔(Springer Journal, Medicine, Health Care, and Philosophy )〕〔(Oxford Journals, Journal of Medicine and Philosophy )〕〔(Springer Journal, Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics )〕 books and (conferences ) dedicated to the philosophy of medicine. There is also a new direction, or school, in the philosophy of medicine termed Analytic Philosophy of Medicine.
==Epistemology of medicine==
Epistemology is the study of knowledge. The ways in which health-care professionals (ranging from clinicians to biomedical scientists) come to know and use knowledge, whether as individuals or as groups, are central concerns of medical epistemology. Many different claims to knowledge have been identified.
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